Abstract:
Two new families of Early Eocene rodents: Alagomyidae and Orogomyidae from the Naran-Bulak Formation (Bumban Member) in the Nemegt Basin in Mongolian People´s Republic are described. The former family is represented by Alagomys inopinatus gen. et sp. nov., the latter by Orogomys obscurus gen. et sp. nov. Their primitive characters permit to recognize the described forms as being at the origin of Rodentia and Mixodontia. Eurymyloidea and, particularly, Heomys, cannot be considered as ancestors of rodents.